Sodium is an essential mineral and an important electrolyte of the extracellular fluid required in small amounts for the normal functioning of the body. 35-40% of the total body sodium is in the bones.

Functions:

• It helps in maintaining normal blood pressure and blood volume.
• It is an important constituent of various intestinal secretions, such as bile and pancreatic juice.
• It aids in the conduction of nerve impulses.
• It is also essential in the control of muscle contraction.

Low blood sodium (hyponatremia) occurs due to an abnormally low amount of sodium in the blood. Symptoms of hyponatremia can include altered personality; lethargy and confusion can cause seizures, coma, and even death if not treated.

Sources:

• The major source of sodium is sodium chloride or common table salt.
• Salt or sodium compounds are added during the preparation or processing of foods like canned foods, ready-to-eat cereals, bread, pizzas, cured meats, salted nuts, or any other foods which have added preservatives.
• Inherent sodium in foods as in high protein foods like meat, milk, and some vegetables like beets, beet greens, carrots, kale, spinach, celery, mustard greens, chard, and dandelion greens.

Sodium facts:

• Excess sodium absorbs more water and causes water retention and weight gain.
• High sodium intake increases urinary excretion of calcium and is a common reason for osteoporosis.
• High sodium in the diet is a major cause of hypertension.
• A diet high in potassium (predominantly fruits and veggies) helps to balance sodium and is hence advised to treat hypertension.

Sodium plays a crucial multifaceted role in the normal functioning of the body but can prove to be the cause of many lifestyle disorders if consumed beyond permissible limits. A balancing act, to get the best out of this important electrolyte is the best bet for a healthier being.

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